28 In clinical trials, adult oral dosing for atopic dermatitis has ranged from 0.16 g to 0.64 g of GLA per day in divided doses, with treatment periods ranging from three to 16 weeks. Products may also be identified according to percent content of EFAs (e.g., 70% linoleic acid, 9% GLA). A single standardized 1-g capsule of a common formulation, Efamol, contains 0.62 g linoleic acid, 0.08 g GLA, and 0.062 g oleic acid. Although consistent, quality data currently do not exist, EPO is being investigated in the treatment of a wide range of additional disorders, including diabetes mellitus, cancer, asthma, preeclampsia, schizophrenia, and attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder.Ĭommercial preparations of EPO are available in capsule or liquid form. The oil also is used for several women's health conditions, including breast pain (mastalgia), menopausal and premenstrual symptoms, cervical ripening, and labor induction or augmentation. Oral EPO is best known for its more recent use in the treatment of systemic diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, such as atopic dermatitis, eczema, and rheumatoid arthritis. 2 Internally, the leaves were used for gastrointestinal ailments and sore throats. Native Americans valued its mucilaginous stem and leaf juices as topical remedies to soothe cutaneous inflammations, whereas poultices of the plant were used to treat bruises and minor wounds. 1 Native to North and South America and now widespread throughout Europe and parts of Asia, this biennial plant is also known by the names tree primrose, sun cups, sundrops, king's cure-all, fever plant, evening star, and night willow-herb. Optimal dosing standards and treatment regimens await clarification in adequately powered clinical trials.Įvening primrose oil (EPO), is obtained by cold expression or solvent extraction from the seeds of the evening primrose plant ( Oenothera biennis). Evening primrose oil is generally well tolerated, with reported minor adverse effects, including gastrointestinal upset and headaches. The use of evening primrose oil during pregnancy is not supported in the literature and should be avoided. However, most trials to date have significant methodologic flaws and must be considered preliminary. The current evidence suggests that oral evening primrose oil does not provide clinically significant improvement in persons with atopic dermatitis, and that it is also likely ineffective for the treatment of cyclical mastalgia and premenstrual syndrome. However, there is insufficient evidence to make a reliable assessment of its effectiveness for most clinical indications. It is often used for several women's health conditions, including breast pain (mastalgia), menopausal and premenstrual symptoms, cervical ripening, and labor induction or augmentation. It is best known for its use in the treatment of systemic diseases marked by chronic inflammation, such as atopic dermatitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Evening primrose oil ( Oenothera biennis) is a commonly used alternative therapy and a rich source of omega-6 essential fatty acids.
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